Establish biolgical rationale for target and models relevant to the human disease for:
Demonstrate reproducible pharmacologic activity (e.g. potency, selectivity and biomarker assays) in relevant in vitro models that support the proposed mechanism of action.
Assess drug’s intended pharmacological effects in vivo, including dose response, biomarkers, PK/PD relationship and relevant endpoints to evaluate to the pharmacological effect in the tissue of interest.
Characterize pharmacokinetics, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) to define exposure–response relationships and guide first-in-human (FIH) dose selection.
Include in vitro and, where needed, in vivo assays to assess potential mutagenic and clastogenic risks (genotox).
Perform core battery studies (CNS, cardiovascular, respiratory) to evaluate potential acute functional effects on vital organ systems.
Repeat-dose & chronic toxicity studies in relevant species to identify target organ toxicities and establish safety margins, supporting the IND package.
Characterize ocular/systemic exposure in toxicity studies to enable safe clinical starting dose estimation.
Demonstrate a clear understanding of the drug’s mode of action (MoA) and underlying biological rationale.
Use disease models that closely replicate human pathophysiology to ensure meaningful and translatable results.
Ensure consistent results across studies using validated methods and standardized SOPs.
Link raw data to reports and summary tables, providing a clear audit trail for IND submission.
Document all data thoroughly, ensuring traceability and controlled collection. Reports should support future IND submissions, clearly outlining methods, deviations, and limitations to maintain scientific defensibility.
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